Essential Information & explanations, latest texts & monographs on
Cytosol.
Cytosol
The cytosol (as opposed to cytoplasm, which also includes the organelles) is the internal fluid of the cell, and a large part of cell metabolism occurs here. Proteins within the cytosol play an important role in signal transduction pathways, glycolysis, and act as intracellular receptors and ribosomes. In prokaryotes, all chemical reactions take place in the cytosol. In eukaryotes, the cytosol contains the cell organelles. In plants, the amount of cytosol can be reduced due to the large tonoplast (central vacuole) that takes up most of the room of the cell interior.
The cytosol is not a "soup" with free-floating particles, but is highly organized on the molecular level. The cytosol also contains the cytoskeleton. It is made of fibrous proteins (microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments) and (in many organisms) maintains the shape of the cell, anchors organelles, and controls internal movement of structures, e.g., transport vesicles.
As the concentration of soluble molecules increases within the cytosol, an osmotic gradient builds up toward the outside of the cell. Water is flowing into the cell, making it larger. To prevent the cell from bursting apart, molecular pumps in the plasma membrane, the cytoskeleton, the tonoplast or a cell wall (if present) are used to counteract the osmotic pressure.
Details
The cytosol is 20% to 30% proteins.
The above article is adapted from from Wikipedia All Wikipedia article text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
Recent related patents from USPTO:
6737520: Oligonucleotides having A-DNA form and B-DNA form conformational geometry
6737511: Receptor-mediated uptake of an extracellular BCL-xL fusion protein inhibits apoptosis
6737410: Inhibitors of protein farnesyl transferase
6737271: Compound, composition and method for the treatment of inflammatory and inflammatory-related disorders
6737252: 7 transmembrane receptor family member BLRX
6737237: Antimicrobial agents, diagnostic reagents, and vaccines based on unique Apicomplexan parasite components
6737062: Immunogenic compositions
6734339: Nucleic acid molecules encoding enzymes from wheat which are involved in starch synthesis
6734337: Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 2 as a target in the regulation of fat burning, fat accumulation, energy homeostasis and insulin action
6734192: Treatment of viral infections
6734186: Compounds for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction
6734173: HSP DNA vaccines
6734170: Cellular uptake of bioactive agents
6734010: Human kinases and polynucleotides encoding the same
6734009: Human kinases and polynucleotides encoding the same
6734001: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase
6733992: Isolated human Ras-like proteins, nucleic acid molecules encoding these human Ras-like proteins, and uses thereof
6733762: Method of using Zot to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation in an antigen-specific manner
6730828: Isolated nucleic acids encoding a wheat glutathione transferase, plants transformed therewith and methods of use thereof
6730823: Plant choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase
6730779: Antibody that specifically binds an Mch4 polypeptide
6730778: Human sel-10 polypeptides and polynucleotides that encode them
6730665: Treatment of bone cancer
6730503: Alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase
6730495: Methods for the identification of antimicrobial compounds
6730492: Cell-based screening methods
6730480: Sphingosine kinase enzyme
6730293: Compositions and methods for treating inflammatory diseases of the skin
6727408: Proteins and DNA related to salt tolerance in plants
6727392: Process for the preparation of non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor modulators
6727244: Mammalian metabolites of a tachykinin receptor antagonist
6727234: Isoprenoid analog compounds and methods of making and use thereof
6727071: System for cell-based screening
6723898: Methods for the preparation of plants with changed sucrose concentration by transformation with a sucrose phosphate synthase nucleic acid
6723895: Plants containing a cytosolic acetyl CoA-carboxylase nucleic acid
6723893: Mice having a mutant SOD-1-encoding transgene
6723746: Functional radiographic imaging methods and agents
6723744: Indole carboxylic acids as thyroid receptor ligands
6723533: 26934, a novel cytidine deaminase-like molecule and uses thereof
6723527: Methods for determining toxicity reversing agents
6723520: Antibodies that bind chemokine teck
6723497: Therapeutic platelets and methods
6720478: RAD51-like polynucleotide and uses thereof
6720412: Human thrombospondin repeat proteins and polynucleotides encoding the same
6720408: MDA-7 nucleic acid molecules and pharmaceutical compositions thereof
6720175: Nucleic acid molecule encoding homer 1B protein
6720173: Human kinase protein and polynucleotides encoding the same
6720162: Assay for kinases and phosphatases
6720014: Phytase-containing foodstuffs and methods of making and using them
Updates and comments at Essential Facts blog
World Class Photographers
Some philosophical movements
|
|
Interesting Links
Latest Dowloadable
Cytosol PDF s & Ebooks
Top PDF and eBook Downloads
Bibliographic Resources
Dates
20-th Century
20-th Century Details
Chromosomes and Genomics
Sports
Kitchen Knowledge
Hollywood Icons
Classical Music
Music Directory.
Music: Jazz
Music: Rock
Music: Country
Music: Popular A-E
Music: Popular F-L
Music: Popular M-S
Music: Popular T-Z
Mythology
Philosophy
Politics
Retirement
Agriculture
Agriculture: Flowers
Agriculture: Gardening
Biology
Biology & Biologists
Cell Science
Cell Science: Cells
Cell Science: Stem Cells
California
Cats & Dogs
Ethics
Logic
The Greats
Architectural Dates & Places
Styles ABC
Styles DTOI
Styles JTON
Styles OTOZ
Buddhism
Marketing
Psychology
Enginering Systems 1
Mathematics
Classic Authors
Fear No Exams
Characters & countries
Law & Legal Topics
Linguistics
Movies
Most successful Movies
Science Plus
Science & Computers
Quantum Theory
|