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AMP.
Adenosine monophosphate(Redirected from AMP)
Adenosine monophosphate, also known as AMP, is the product of adenosine condensation with a single phosphate group:
AMP can be produced during ATP synthesis by the enzyme adenylate kinase by combining two ADP molecules:
2 ADP → ATP + AMP
Or AMP may be produced by the hydrolysis of one high energy phosphate bond of ADP:
ADP → AMP + Pi
AMP can also be formed by hydrolysis of ATP into AMP and pyrophosphate:
ATP → AMP + PPi
When RNA is broken down by living systems, nucleoside monophosphates, including adenosine monophosphate, are formed.
AMP can be regenerated to ATP as follows:
AMP + ATP → 2 ADP (adenylate kinase in the opposite direction)
2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 ATP (this step is most often performed in aerobes by the ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation)
AMP can be converted into IMP by the enzyme myoadenylate deaminase, freeing an ammonia group.
In a catabolic pathway, adenosine monophosphate can be converted to uric acid, which is excreted from the body.
cAMP
AMP can also exist as a cyclic structure known as cyclic AMP (or cAMP). Within certain cells the enzyme adenylate cyclase makes cAMP from ATP, and typically this reaction is regulated by hormones such as adrenaline or glucagon. cAMP plays an important role in intracellular signalling.
The above article is adapted from from Wikipedia All Wikipedia article text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
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From USPTO:
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from PUBMED
1: Nandakumar J, Ho CK, Lima CD, Shuman S.
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J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 13 [Epub ahead of print]
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2: Rao CV, Zhou XL, Lei ZM.
Functional Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptors in Human
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3: Unger RH.
The hyperleptinemia of obesity-regulator of caloric surpluses.
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CREB Binds to Multiple Loci on Human Chromosome 22.
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6: Miletic G, Hanson EN, Savagian CA, Miletic V.
Protein kinase A contributes to sciatic ligation-associated early activation of
cyclic AMP response element binding protein in the rat spinal dorsal horn.
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PMID: 15082155
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Evidence for a possible neurotransmitter/neuromodulator role of tyramine on the
locust oviducts.
J Insect Physiol. 2004 Apr;50(4):351-61.
PMID: 15081828
8: Hilal-Dandan R, Means CK, Gustafsson AB, Morissette MR, Adams JW, Brunton
LL, Heller Brown J.
Lysophosphatidic acid induces hypertrophy of neonatal cardiac myocytes via
activation of G(i) and Rho.
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2004 Apr;36(4):481-93.
PMID: 15081308
9: Lee DK, Gardiner M, Haggart K, Fujihara S, Lipworth BJ.
Comparative effects of desloratadine, fexofenadine, and levocetirizine on nasal
adenosine monophosphate challenge in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2004 Apr;34(4):650-3.
PMID: 15080821
10: Lee DK, Gray RD, Robb FM, Fujihara S, Lipworth BJ.
A placebo-controlled evaluation of butterbur and fexofenadine on objective and
subjective outcomes in perennial allergic rhinitis.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2004 Apr;34(4):646-9.
PMID: 15080820
11: Nishihara H, Hwang M, Kizaka-Kondoh S, Eckmann L, Insel PA.
Cyclic AMP promotes CREB-dependent induction of the cellular inhibitor of
apoptosis protein-2 and suppresses apoptosis of colon cancer cells through
ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK.
J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 12 [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 15078890
12: Lee DK, Jackson CM, Haggart K, Lipworth BJ.
Repeated dosing effects of mediator antagonists in inhaled
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13: Wu A, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F.
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14: Spoto G, Fioroni M, Rubini C, Di Nicola M, Di Pietrantonio F, Di Matteo E,
Piattelli A.
Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in human gingival carcinoma.
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PMID: 15078486
15: Wong CK, Ip WK, Lam CW.
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Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2004;41(1):79-113.
PMID: 15077724
16: Chen C, Harel A, Gorovoits R, Yarden O, Dickman MB.
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Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2004 Apr;17(4):404-13.
PMID: 15077673
17: Fernandez P, Carretero J, Medina PP, Jimenez AI, Rodriguez-Perales S, F Paz
M, Cigudosa JC, Esteller M, Lombardia L, Morente M, Sanchez-Verde L, Sotelo T,
Sanchez-Cespedes M.
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19: Freyssenet D, Irrcher I, Connor MK, Di Carlo M, Hood DA.
Calcium-regulated changes in mitochondrial phenotype in skeletal muscle cells.
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[Male views of contraceptive methods in a rural community in Bahia State,
Brazil]
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