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Anabolism.
Metabolism(Redirected from Anabolism)
In biology, metabolism refers to all of an organism's chemical processes. This can be dichotomized into the synthesis of organic molecules (anabolism) and their breakdown (catabolism). Most commonly, this refers to the digestion of food, and to the disposal of wastes.
Each living cell has a metabolism (cell metabolism); furthermore, multicellular organisms like plants, animals and humans have a "total" metabolism that can differ from that of the individual cells. The metabolic pathways form a two-part process: one part is called catabolism (when the body uses food for energy); the other is called anabolism (when the body uses food to build or mend cells).
The halt of metabolism in a living organism is usually defined as its death. Some organisms can reduce their metabolism to almost zero for certain periods of time. Spores of fungi can survive thousands of years in that state. But every lifeform is bound to have metabolism at some point of its life cycle, with the possible exception of viruses, which use their hosts' metabolism.
The correct definition of metabolism is almost as difficult as the definition of life. For example, according to the definition above, fire has a metabolism, too: it "eats", for example, wood, converts it to heat, and disposes ashes.
Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide")
1 Human metabolism
2 Unusual metabolisms
3 Etymology
4 See also:
Human metabolism
Human cells obtain most of their energy from chemical reactions involving oxygen. A starting point in measuring human metabolism is with basal metabolic rate.
Unusual metabolisms
Etymology
The word metabolism is from the Greek word for "change".
See also:
The above article is adapted from from Wikipedia All Wikipedia article text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
World Anabolic Review, 1996 by P. Grunding
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Recent Anabolism related patents
From USPTO:
6716825: Phosphonate compounds
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6716586: Insulin-like growth factor agonist molecules
6713451: Insulin-like growth factor agonist molecules
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6689866: Polynucleotides and proteins encoded thereby
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from PUBMED
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An overview of the endocrinology of skeletal muscle.
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[The molecular biology of distraction osteogenesis]
Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 2004 Feb;105(1):23-5. Review. French.
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cAMP detection methods in HTS: selecting the best from the rest.
Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004 Feb;3(2):125-35. Review.
PMID: 15040577
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Inhibitory NK-cell receptors on T cells: witness of the past, actors of the
future.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2004 Mar;4(3):190-8. Review.
PMID: 15039756
6: Dickinson DA, Iles KE, Wigley AF, Forman HJ.
Analysis of transcription factor remodeling in phase II gene expression with
curcumin.
Methods Enzymol. 2004;378:302-18. Review.
PMID: 15038977
7: Jaiswal AK.
Regulation of antioxidant response element-dependent induction of detoxifying
enzyme synthesis.
Methods Enzymol. 2004;378:221-38. Review.
PMID: 15038972
8: Somogyi J, Szalay J, Pandics T, Rosta K, Csermely P, Ver A.
[New steroid hormone family: endogenous cardiac glycosides and their role in
physiologic and pathologic conditions]
Orv Hetil. 2004 Feb 8;145(6):259-66. Review. Hungarian.
PMID: 15038319
9: [No authors listed]
Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2004-2005
influenza season.
Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2004 Feb 27;79(9):88-92. English, French. No abstract
available.
PMID: 15038066
10: Bergman AM, Kuiper CM, Voorn DA, Comijn EM, Myhren F, Sandvold ML, Hendriks
HR, Peters GJ.
Antiproliferative activity and mechanism of action of fatty acid derivatives of
arabinofuranosylcytosine in leukemia and solid tumor cell lines.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Feb 1;67(3):503-11.
PMID: 15037202
11: Roymans D, Van Looveren C, Leone A, Parker JB, McMillian M, Johnson MD,
Koganti A, Gilissen R, Silber P, Mannens G, Meuldermans W.
Determination of cytochrome P450 1A2 and cytochrome P450 3A4 induction in
cryopreserved human hepatocytes.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Feb 1;67(3):427-37.
PMID: 15037195
12: Kanno S, Hirano S, Kayama F.
Effects of phytoestrogens and environmental estrogens on osteoblastic
differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells.
Toxicology. 2004 Mar 1;196(1-2):137-45.
PMID: 15036763
13: Tao L, Li Y, Kramer PM, Wang W, Pereira MA.
Hypomethylation of DNA and the insulin-like growth factor-II gene in
dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acid-promoted mouse liver tumors.
Toxicology. 2004 Mar 1;196(1-2):127-36.
PMID: 15036762
14: Tuovinen K.
Organophosphate-induced convulsions and prevention of neuropathological
damages.
Toxicology. 2004 Mar 1;196(1-2):31-9.
PMID: 15036754
15: Soulage C, Perrin D, Berenguer P, Pequignot JM.
Sub-chronic exposure to toluene at 40 ppm alters the monoamine biosynthesis
rate in discrete brain areas.
Toxicology. 2004 Mar 1;196(1-2):21-30.
PMID: 15036753
16: Pilegaard K, Madsen C.
An oral Brown Norway rat model for food allergy: comparison of age, sex, dosing
volume, and allergen preparation.
Toxicology. 2004 Mar 15;196(3):247-57.
PMID: 15036751
17: Dogra RK, Khanna S, Shanker R.
Immunotoxicological effects of piperine in mice.
Toxicology. 2004 Mar 15;196(3):229-36.
PMID: 15036749
18: Ravel G, Christ M, Horand F, Descotes J.
Autoimmunity, environmental exposure and vaccination: is there a link?
Toxicology. 2004 Mar 15;196(3):211-6.
PMID: 15036747
19: Mellergard J, Havarinasab S, Hultman P.
Short- and long-term effects of T-cell modulating agents in experimental
autoimmunity.
Toxicology. 2004 Mar 15;196(3):197-209.
PMID: 15036746
20: Neishabouri EZ, Hassan ZM, Azizi E, Ostad SN.
Evaluation of immunotoxicity induced by diazinon in C57bl/6 mice.
Toxicology. 2004 Mar 15;196(3):173-9.
PMID: 15036744
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