refined Antarctica Information, explanation, recent texts, monographs, and related patents.
Information & explanations, latest texts & monographs on Antarctica (including recent related patents.)


Antarctica

Satellite image Antarctica is a continent surrounding the Earth's South Pole. It is the coldest place on earth and is almost entirely covered by ice. It is not to be confused with the arctic, which is located near the Earth's North Pole. Antarctica was discovered in late January 1820. For more details see the article on the History of Antarctica. Antarctica is the fifth largest continent in area, after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. However, it is the smallest in population. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Geography 2 Territorial claims 2.1 Former claims 3 Population 4 See also 5 External links Geography Main article: Geography of Antarctica Territorial claims Territorial claims of Antarctica Several nations, particularly those close to the continent, made territorial claims in the 20th century. These claims have little practical relevance but continue be observed by cartographers. Most countries that have observation or study facilities in Antarctica have those facilities within their claimed territory. The Antarctic Treaty defers these claims and most other nations do not recognize them. No other nations have made claims themselves, although the United States and Russia assert the right to do so. No formal claims have been made in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west. Former claims Tabletop icebergs in Antarctica Population It is usually estimated that at a given time there are at least 1000 people living in Antarctica. This varies strongly with season. Antarctica has no permanent residents, but a number of governments maintain permanent research stations on the continent. Many of the stations are staffed around the year. These include: See also External links Ecozones Nearctic | Palearctic | Afrotropic | Indomalaya | Australasia | Neotropic | Oceania | Antarctic Continents of the World Asia | Africa | North America | South America | Antarctica | Europe | Australia (The Pacific Islands, also called Oceania, are not part of any continent)

This article is adapted from from Wikipedia All Wikipedia article text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License

Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage by Alfred Lansing

Swimming to Antarctica : Tales of a Long-Distance Swimmer by Lynne Cox

The Worst Journey in the World by Apsley Cherry-Garrard

Leading at the Edge : Leadership Lessons from the Extraordinary Saga of Shackleton's Antarctic Expedition by Dennis N. T. Perkins

Ada Blackjack: A True Story of Survival in the Arctic by Jennifer Niven

No Horizon Is So Far: Two Women and Their Extraordinary Journey Across Antarctica by Liv Arnesen

The Worst Journey in the World by Apsley Cherry-Garrard

Antarctic Antics: A Book of Penguin Poems by Jose Aruego

South with Endurance: Shackleton's Antarctic Expedition, 1914-1917 by Frank Hurley

Birds of Southern South America and Antarctica. by Martin R. de la Pena

Mawson's Will: The Greatest Polar Survival Story Ever Written by Lennard Bickel

Fingerprints Of The Gods : The Evidence of Earth's Lost Civilization by Graham Hancock

Ice Story: Shackleton's Lost Expedition by Elizabeth Cody Kimmel

Shackleton's Way: Leadership Lessons from the Great Antarctic Explorer by Margot Morrell

Escape from Disaster (Antarctica, No 2) by Peter Lerangis


Recent Antarctica related patents

From USPTO:
6716591: B. burgdorferi polypeptides
6716589: Discordant helix stabilization for prevention of amyloid formation
6714617: Disposal of radiation waste in glacial ice
6706500: Process for the preparation of L-menthol
6703218: Process for the preparation of linalool oxide or of linalool oxide-containing mixtures
6689364: Borrelia burgdorferi polypeptides and uses thereof
6688105: Iceberg utilization process improvement
6686342: Bicompatible poly-.beta.-1.fwdarw.4-N-acetylglucosamine
6686164: Low allergenic protein variants
6680183: Production of optically active 2-substituted tetrahydropyran-4-ones
6677427: Enzyme-catalyzed polyamides and compositions and processes of preparing and using the same
6677120: Building blocks for the solution phase synthesis of oligonucleotides
6676942: Osp a proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi subgroups, encoding genes and vaccines
6673775: Ribavirin-interferon alfa combination therapy for eradicating detectable HCV-RNA in patients having chronic hepatitis C infection
6667384: Methyl acrylate-diamine based polyamide resins and processes for producing the same
6649599: Methods and compositions for poly-.beta.-1-4-N-acetylglucosamine cell therapy system
6642035: Synthesis of B-keto esters
6640219: Analyzing data files
6639107: Cyclopentyl sulfonamide derivatives
6638963: Methods for treating circadian rhythm disorders
6638758: Process for the enzymatic resolution of lactams
6638720: Grapevine leafroll virus proteins and their uses
6638526: Polypeptides conjugated to copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to reduce allergenicity
6630459: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising poly-.beta.-1.fwdarw.4-N-acetylglucosamine
6630340: Family 5 xyloglucanases
6627431: Chemoenzymatic synthesis of neotame
6626679: Reflective analysis system
6624311: Enantioselective enzymatic aminolysis of a racemic 2-isoxazolylacetate alkyl ester
6624298: Esterified polysaccharide products and .beta.-lactone ring opened ketene dimer products containing the compositions, and process of making the same
6623950: Modified enzymes having polymer conjugates
6610868: Conjugated linoleic acid compositions and methods of making same
6610668: Methods and compositions for poly-.beta.-1.fwdarw.4-N-acetylglucosamine cell therapy system
6606860: Energy conversion method and system with enhanced heat engine
6605458: Protease variants and compositions
6605452: Fatty acid polyol ester-coated lipase complex immobilized on insoluble matrix
6602535: Mixtures of optical isomers of styralyl alcohol and organoleptic uses thereof
6599720: Methods for making poly-.beta.-1.fwdarw.4-N-acetylglucosamine
6596520: Immobilizing lipase by adsorption from a crude solution onto nonpolar polyolefin particles
6582942: Immobilization of enzymes on particulate porous carriers for use in organic mediums
6575156: Battery warmer
6558953: Grapevine leafroll virus proteins and their uses
6558938: Protease variants and compositions
6555355: Protease variants and compositions
6552044: Indane or dihydroindole derivatives
6551806: Preparing enzyme-containing polymers by reacting an enzyme in organic solution with crosslinking compounds
6551596: Fractions of Chlorella extract containing polysaccharide having immunomodulating properties
6548690: Porous polymethylsilsesquioxane with adsorbent properties
6548278: Enzymatic hydrolysis of cyclic oligomers
6537790: Esterase genes and uses of the same

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