Essential Information & explanations, latest texts & monographs on
Aristotelian_logic.
Socratic Logic: A Logic Text Using Socratic Method, Platonic Questions, and Aristotelian Principles by Peter Kreeft
Aristotelian and Cartesian Logic at Harvard: Charles Morton's a Logick System & William Brattle's Compendium of Logick (The Colonial Society of Mas by Rick Kennedy
Aristotelian Logic and the Arabic Language in Alfarabi by Shukri Abed
Themes in Neoplatonic and Aristotelian Logic: Order, Negotiation, and Abstraction by John N. Martin
Aristotelian Formal and Material Logic by Pierre Conway
Aristotelian Logic by William T. Parry
Aristotelian Logic and the Arabic Language in Alfarabi (Suny Series, Toward a Comparative Philosophy of Religion) by Shukri Abed
Al-Farabi and Aristotelian Syllogistics: Greek Theory and Islamic Practice (Islamic Philosophy Theology and Science, Vol 20) by Joep Lameer
The Origins of Aristotelian Science by Michael Ferejohn
Aristotelian Formal and Material Logic by Pierre Conway
Aristotelian Logic, Platonism, and the Context of Early (Variorum Collected Studies Series) by John Marenbon
Commentators and commentaries on Aristotle's Sophistici elenchi : a study of post-Aristotelian ancient and medieval writings on fallacies by Sten Ebbesen
Kinds of Being: A Study of Individuation, Identity, and the Logic of Sortal Terms (Aristotelian Society Series, Vol 10) by E. J. Lowe
Analytical syllogistics; a pragmatic interpretation of the Aristotelian logic by Delton Thomas Howard
Languages of Possibility: An Essay in Philosophical Logic (Aristotelian Society Series, Vol 9) by Graeme Forbes
Aristotelian logic
Aristotelian logic, also known as syllogistic, is the particular type of logic created by Aristotle, primarily in his works Prior Analytics and De Interpretatione. It later developed into what became known as traditional logic or Term Logic.
Aristotle recognised 4 kinds of quantified sentences, each of which contain a subject and a predicate:
- Universal affirmative: Every S is a P.
- Universal negative: No S is a P.
- Particular affirmative: Some S is a P.
- Particular negative: Not every S is a P.
There are various ways to combine such sentences into syllogisms, both valid and invalid. In Mediaeval times, students of Aristotelian logic classified every possibility and gave them a name. For example, the Barbara syllogism is as follows:
- Every X is a Y.
- Every Y is a Z.
- Therefore, every X is a Z.
Aristotle also recognised the various immediate entailments that each type of sentence has. For example, the truth of a universal affirmative entails the truth of the corresponding particular affirmative, and the falsity of the corresponding universal negative and particular negative. The square of opposition lists all these logical entailments.
Famously, Aristotelian logic runs into trouble when one or more of the terms involved is empty (has no members). For example, under Aristotelian logic, "all trespassers will be prosecuted" implies the existence of at least one trespasser.
The influence of the Organon
Aristotle's works on logic, (collectively called the Organon), are the only significant works of Aristotle that were never "lost"; all his other books were "lost" from his death, until rediscovered in the 11th Century.
In the 8th Century the Scholastics, in non-Arab Europe, studied and promoted the study of logic based on the Organon. One of the greatest Scholastics was Dominican monk Albert the Great (1206 - 1280), the teacher of Thomas Aquinas (1226 - 1274).
The books of Aristotle were available in the Arab Empire and were studied by Islamic and Jewish scholars, including Rabbi Moses Maimonides (1135 - 1204) and Muslim Judge Ibn Rushd (1126 - 1198); both lived in Cordoba, Spain. Cordoba had 70 libraries, one of them with over 40,000 volumes; the two largest libraries in non-Arab Europe each had only 2,000 volumes. Thomas Aquinas used the writings and comments of Aristotle ("the philosopher"), Albert, Maimonides ("the Rabbi") and Ibn Rushd ("the commentator") and many others.
See also: logic
External link
The above article is adapted from from Wikipedia All Wikipedia article text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
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