Information & explanations, latest texts & monographs on
Jung (including recent related patents.)
Carl Jung(Redirected from Jung) Carl Gustav Jung (July 26, 1875 - June 6, 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and one-time colleague of Sigmund Freud. At university, he was a student of Krafft-Ebing. For a time, Jung was Freud's heir-apparent in the psychoanalytic movement. After the publication of Jung's Symbols of Transformation (1912), Jung and Freud painfully parted ways. Jung seemed to feel confined by Freud's seemingly narrow, reductionistic, and rigid view of libido. Freud held that all libido was at base sexual, while Jung's psychological work continued to explore libido as multiple and often synthetic. Carl Jung's field of research was geared largely toward the nature of symbolism and the effects of attachment upon the ability of people to live their lives in ignorance of their deeper 'symbolic' natures. His ideas center around the understanding that a symbol loses its symbolic power when it is 'attached' to a static meaning. The attached, and therefore static meaning renders an amorphous symbol (like the sphere or the ourobouros ) to a mere definition; no longer does it have the ability to be active in the mind as a "transformer of consciousness," free to associate with new experiences and thinking. "Symbolic power" transcends and permeates through all conscious thinking. Jung is best known for his term "archetype" which connotes a structural view of psychological life. The term archetype can be understood as quite similar to -- and was probably directly influenced by -- Kant's term "a priori." Jung often seemed to view the archetypes as sort of psychological organs, directly analogous to our physical, bodily organs: both being morphological givens for the species; both arising at least partially through evolutionary processes. Current Jungian-influenced thinking has explored nearly diametrically opposing paths from Jung's structural thinking. Some have pursued deeply structural views, along the lines of complexity theory in mathematics, and some have tried to work with Jung's ideas in a seeming post-structuralist way (most obviously, James Hillman). Perhaps the most important archetype to Jung would be what he termed the "self." It could be described as the ultimate pattern of psychological life; he characterized it as both the totality of the personality, conscious and unconscious, and the process of becoming of the whole personality. It could be described as both the goal of one's psychological life and that which pulls one toward it teleologically. One important point to note here about Jung's thinking is that he did not hold to be absolute the four-dimensional space-time continuum that we conventionally conceptualize (see synchronicity). We can better understand Jung's views of the self by looking at two other archetypal or structural views that were highly important to him, those of "the opposites" and his work describing many old, largely despised and forgotten, alchemical texts as valuable psychological treatises rather than descriptions of magical practices. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Clinical theories 2 Pervasive influence 3 Works 4 External links Clinical theories Jung's writings have been of much interest to people of many backgrounds and interests, including theologians, people from the humanities, and mythologists. Jung often seemed to seek to make contributions to various fields, but he was mostly a practicing psychiatrist, involved during his whole career in treating patients. A description of Jung's clinical relevance is to address the core of his work. Jung started his career working with hospitalized patients with major mental illnesses, most notably schizophrenia. He was interested in the possibilities of an unknown "brain toxin" that could be the cause of schizophrenia. But the majority and the heart of Jung's clinical career was taken up with what we might call today individual psychodynamic psychotherapy, in gross structure very much in the strain of psychoanalytic practice first formed by Freud. It is important to state that Jung seemed to often see his work as not a complete psychology in itself but as his unique contribution to the field of psychology. Jung claimed late in his career that only for about a third of his patients did he use "Jungian analysis." For another third, Freudian analysis seemed to best suit the patient's needs and for the final third Adlerian analysis was most appropriate. In fact, it seems that most contemporary Jungian clinicians merge a developmentally grounded theory, such as Self psychology or Donald Winnicott's work, with the Jungian theories in order to have a "whole" theoretical repertoire to do actual clinical work. Early in Jung's career he coined the term and described the concept of the "complex." Jung claims to have discovered the concept during his word association and galvanic skin response experiments. Freud obviously took up this concept in his Oedipus complex amongst others. Jung seemed to see complexes as quite autonomous parts (or complexes) of psychological life. It is almost as if Jung were describing separate personalities within what is considered a single individual. But to equate Jung's use of complexes with something along the lines of "multiple personality disorder" would be to stretch the point beyond breaking. Jung saw an archetype as always being the central organizing structure of a complex. For instance, in a "negative mother complex," the archetype of the "negative mother" would be seen to be central to the identity of that complex. Which is to say, our psychological lives are patterned on common human experiences. Interestingly, Jung saw the Ego (which Freud wrote about in German literally as "the I", one's conscious experience of oneself) as a complex. If the "I" is a complex, what might be the archetype that structures it? Jung, and many Jungians, might say "the hero," that who separates from the community to some extent to ultimately carry the community further. The "I" or Ego is tremendously important to Jung's clinical work. Jung's theory of etiology of psychopathology could almost be simplified to be stated as a too rigid conscious attitude towards the whole of the psyche. That is, a psychotic episode can be seen from a Jungian perspective as the "rest" of the psyche overwhelming the conscious psyche because the conscious psyche effectively was locking out and repressing the psyche as a whole. John Weir Perry's book _The Farside of Madness_ explores and fleshes out this idea of Jung's very well. Some major caveats: This is a psychological description of a psychotic episode. It is clear that Jung hypothesized a medical basis for schizophrenia that was beyond the understanding of the medical science of his day (and it must be said seems to still be beyond present medical science in any satisfactory sense). Twin studies and plenty of clinical material seem to point clearly to a medical basis for schizophrenia. It perhaps can best be said that schizophrenia is both medical and psychological. A medical understanding (again, as yet still lacking) would not change the fact that schizophrenia is lived by those who have it psychologically; that is to say, as theorists and scientists, we may be able to say that schizophrenia happens in genes, brains, and the electrochemical, but for one who has schizophrenia it also happens in their mind, which is to say psychologically. This is to say a purely medical treatment of major mental illness is inadequate, as is a purely psychological treatment of major mental illness. Pervasive influence Jung has had a pervasive influence on Western society, sometimes in ways that are not widely known. For example, Jung once treated an American patient suffering from chronic alcoholism. After working with the patient for some time, and achieving no significant progress, Jung told the man that his alcoholic condition was near to hopeless, save only the possibility of a spiritual experience. Jung noted that occasionally such experiences had been known to reform alcoholics where all else had failed. The patient took Jung's advice seriously and set about seeking a personal spiritual experience. He returned home to the United States and joined a Christian evangelical church. He also told other alcoholics what Jung had told him about the importance of a spiritual experience. One of the alcoholics he told was Ebby Thatcher, a long-time friend and drinking buddy of Bill Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) Thatcher told Wilson about Jung's ideas. Wilson, who was finding it hard to maintain sobriety, was impressed and sought out his own spiritual experience. The influence of Jung ultimately found its way in the 12-step program of Alcoholics Anonymous, drafted by Wilson, and from there into the whole 12 Step recovery movement, which has touched the lives of millions of people. Works
This article is adapted from from Wikipedia All Wikipedia article text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Memories, Dreams, Reflections by Aniela Jaffe Man and His Symbols by Carl Gustav Jung Wild Swans : Three Daughters of China by Jung Chang Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China by Jung Chang Modern Man in Search of a Soul by Carl Gustav Jung We : Understanding the Psychology of Romantic Love by Robert A. Johnson Synchronicity by C. G. Jung Jung and the Lost Gospels: Insights into the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Nag Hammadi Library by Stephan A. Hoeller Bouquets:A Year of Flowers for the Bride by Heckman/Jung Portable Jung (Viking Portable Library (Paper)) by Carl Gustav Jung An Introduction to Zen Buddhism by Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki Jung: A Biography by Deirdre Bair The Secret of the Golden Flower: A Chinese Book of Life by Tung-Pin Lu The Archetypes and The Collective Unconscious (Collected Works of C.G. Jung Vol.9 Part 1) by C. G. Jung The Essential Jung by C. G. Jung Recent Jung related patents From USPTO: 6718114: Variable optical attenuator of optical path conversion 6718037: Computer with a modem capable of outputting telephone bell signals 6717917: Method of determining real-time data latency and apparatus therefor 6717831: Content addressable memory device 6717711: Structure and method for forming a high efficiency electro-optics device 6717656: Method and apparatus of a laser range detector 6717639: Reflective liquid crystal display device 6717572: Modular rolling axis apparatus 6717451: Precision analog level shifter with programmable options 6717438: Clocked half-rail differential logic with single-rail logic 6716997: Systems and methods for generation of ascorbic acid with reduced color 6716746: Semiconductor device having self-aligned contact and method of fabricating the same 6716732: Method for fabricating a contact pad of semiconductor device 6716689: MOS transistor having a T-shaped gate electrode and method for fabricating the same 6716680: Process for manufacturing reflective TFT-LCD with rough diffuser 6716654: Light-emitting diode with enhanced brightness and method for fabricating the same 6716651: Method and apparatus for identifying a wafer cassette 6716574: Osp-C derived peptide fragments 6716563: Azo dyes and azo-metal complexes for atomic force microscope lithography 6716429: Stabilization of envelope glycoprotein trimers by disulfide bonds introduced into a gp 41 glycoprotein ectodomain 6716369: Preparing green phosphor based on zinc orthosilicate 6716173: Ultrasonic imaging method and ultrasonic imaging apparatus 6716166: Three-dimensional reconstruction using ultrasound 6716077: Method of forming flow-fill structures 6715850: Computer with removable panels 6715718: Adjustable bracket device of a cable management arm for furniture 6715691: Pressure distribution and regulation in high-rise buildings 6715659: Apparatus for clamping semiconductor devices using sliding finger supports 6715329: Method and device for forming a corner limited on three sides, from a plate-shaped material with an even surface D488031: Airtight container for storing foods 6714948: Method and system for rapidly generating identifiers for records of a database 6714941: Learning data prototypes for information extraction 6714619: Spacer grid with double deflected vanes for nuclear fuel assemblies 6714541: Method and apparatus for encoding bridging/switching information within a routing information filed in a token ring environment 6714527: Multiuser detector for variable spreading factors 6714517: Method and apparatus for interconnection of packet switches with guaranteed bandwidth 6714502: Method of verifying defect management area information of optical disc and apparatus for performing the same 6714494: Apparatus and method for processing audio signals recorded on a medium 6714458: High voltage positive and negative two-phase discharge system and method for channel erase in flash memory devices 6714455: Memory apparatus including programmable non-volatile multi-bit memory cell, and apparatus and method for demarcating memory states of the cell 6714185: Back lighting apparatus of liquid crystal display using optical fiber 6714145: Method and apparatus for integer-based encoding and decoding of bits 6714059: High-speed domino logic circuit 6713762: Acoustic absorption electromagnetic radiation sensing with SIC 6713697: Dust and moisture free switch 6713602: Synthetic procedures for peptide nucleic acids 6713584: Polymer composition 6713372: Method for manufacturing synchronous DRAM device 6713336: Flash memory device and method for fabricating the same |
