refined Personality Information, explanation, recent texts, monographs, and related patents.
Information & explanations, latest texts & monographs on Personality (including recent related patents.)


Personality

In psychology, personality refers to the emotion, thought, and behavior patterns unique to an individual. Through the course of western thought, different theories have been put forth to explain the human personality:
  • Sigmund Freud broke the human personality down to three significant components: the id, the ego, and the superego. Personality is shaped by the interworkings and conflicts of the three.
  • Katherine Briggs and her daughter Isabel Meyers alleged that the writings of Carl Jung delineated personality types.
  • B. F. Skinner, a proponent of behaviorism, suggested that the human personality is developed through external stimuli.
  • Albert Bandura, a social-learning theorist suggested that the forces of memory and feelings worked in conjunction with environmental influences
  • Gordon Allport delineates three kinds of traits with varying degrees of intensity: cardinal traits, central traits, and secondary traits.
  • Raymond Cattell's research propagated a two-tiered personality sturucture with fifteen "primary factors" and five "secondary factors".
  • Building on the work of Cattell and others, Lewis Goldberg proposed a five dimension personality model, nicknamed the "Big Five":
  • Extroversion
  • Agreeableness
  • Conscientiousness
  • Emotional Stability
  • Intellect
  • Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers emphasize the basic goodness of people.
  • Holland proposed a "RIASEC" model of personality widely used in vocational counseling. The RIASEC is a circumplex model where the six types, which are represented as a octagon where physically closer types are more related than distal types:
  • Realistic - Physical, hands-on, tool-oriented, masculine
  • Investigative - Scientific, technical, methodlogical
  • Artistic - writing, painting, singing, etc.
  • Social - nurturing, supporting, helping, healing
  • Enterprising - organizing, activating, motivating
  • Conventional - clerical, detail-oriented
Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 A typology of personality models 2 Personality tests 3 See also 4 External links A typology of personality models Modern personality models may generally be broken into three types: factorial models, typologies, and circumplexes. Factorial models posit that there are dimensions along which human personlaity differs. The main purpose of a personality model is thus to define the dimensions of personality. Factor analysis is a primary tool of theorists composing factorial models. Such models arise directly from a classical individual differences approach to the study of human personality. Goldberg's Big Five model may be the best-known example of this type of theory. Typologies or type models arise naturally from some theories that posit types of people. For example, astrological signs represented a well-known, pre-scientific typological model. Typological models posit a relatively small number of modal types and possibly some interaction between the types. The Jungian typology implemented in the MBTI may best represent the typology approach. Circumplex models may resemble factorial or type models but further specify a relationship between the different types or factors. Typically, some types or factors are more related than others and can be presented on a polygon. Holand's RIASEC may be the best-known example of this type of theory. Correlations of personality scores should resemble a simplex form where opposing types have low correlation and close types have a high correlation. Personality tests Types of personality tests include the Rorschach test, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Myers-Briggs_Type_Indicator, and the Thematic Apperception Test. See also See also: Alter ego, Will (philosophy), Dissociative identity disorder. External links
The word personality is also used to describe a celebrity.
This article is adapted from from Wikipedia All Wikipedia article text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License

Stop Walking on Eggshells; Coping When Someone You Care about Has Borderline Personality Disorder by Paul T. Mason

Please Understand Me: Character and Temperament Types by David Keirsey

I Hate You, Don't Leave Me : Understanding the Borderline Personality by Jerold J. Kreisman

Why Does He Do That: Inside the Minds of Angry and Controlling Men by Lundy Bancroft

Do What You Are : Discover the Perfect Career for You Through the Secrets of Personality Type--Revised and Updated Edition Featuring E-careers for the 21st Century by Paul D. Tieger

The Highly Sensitive Person by Elaine Aron

I Don't Mean to Be Rude, But... : Backstage Gossip from American Idol & the Secrets that Can Make You a Star by SIMON COWELL

Working Together: A Personality-Centered Approach to Management, Second Edition by Olaf Isachsen

The Essential Enneagram: The Definitive Personality Test and Self-Discovery Guide by David N. Daniels

Please Understand Me II: Temperament, Character, Intelligence by David Keirsey

The Wisdom of the Enneagram : The Complete Guide to Psychological and Spiritual Growth for the Nine Personality Types by Don Richard Riso

The Introvert Advantage: How to Thrive in an Extrovert World by Marti Olsen Laney

Reading People : How to Understand People and Predict Their Behavior- -Anytime, Anyplace by Mark C. Mazzarella

The Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator (RHETI, Version 2.5) by Don Richard Riso

Skills Training Manual for Treating Borderline Personality Disorder by Marsha M. Linehan


Recent Personality related patents

From USPTO:
6717593: Mark-up language implementation of graphical or non-graphical user interfaces
6717031: Method for selecting a transgenic mouse model of alzheimer's disease
6715815: Glove compartment for an automobile
6715762: System for providing entertainment and enhancing human relationships
6715687: Pen and system for writing encoded lines
6715145: Processing pipeline in a base services pattern environment
6714915: System and method for project designing and developing a procurement and accounts payable system
6714866: Methods and apparatus for installation alignment of equipment
6714840: User-machine interface system for enhanced interaction
6713058: Methods for alleviating symptoms associated with neuropathic conditions comprising administration of low levels of antibodies
6712702: Method and system for playing games on a network
6712693: Method and apparatus for player selection of an electronic game payout
6711688: Pre-execution logon (PEL)
6711543: Language independent and voice operated information management system
6711379: Digital broadcasting system and terminal therefor
6710041: Pyrrolo[2,1-B][3,1] benzothiazepines and their use for the preparation of medicaments with antipsychotic activity
6708153: Voice site personality setting
6708068: Machine comprised of main module and intercommunicating replaceable modules
6708064: Modulation of the brain to affect psychiatric disorders
6707466: Method and system for form recognition and digitized image processing
6706764: Use of creatine or creatine analogs for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system
6706750: Indole derivatives process for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their medicinal application
6706714: 2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoxalin-5(6H)one derivatives
6706710: Form of (R)-N-[5-methyl-8-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl]- 4-morpholinobenzamide
6706709: Indolinone derivatives as protein kinase/phosphatase inhibitors
6704784: Information processing apparatus and method, information processing system and program providing medium
6703919: Method of confirming remote keyless entry lock button status
6703906: System and method for programming oscillators
6703383: Antipsychotic sulfonamide-heterocycles, and methods of use thereof
6703236: Thermal cycler for automatic performance of the polymerase chain reaction with close temperature control
6701938: Lip contour kit for applying lip liner or lipstick
6701296: Strain-sensing goniometers, systems, and recognition algorithms
6700965: Identifier-triggered personalized customer relations management service
6700106: Disposable, microwaveable containers having suitable food contact compatible olfactory properties and process for their manufacture
6699894: Methods for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
6699866: Thiazole and other heterocyclic ligands for mammalian dopamine, muscarinic and serotonin receptors and transporters, and methods of use thereof
6699858: Halogen substituted tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives
6699090: Soft toys with characteristic indicies
6697824: Relationship management in an E-commerce application framework
6697500: Method and system for mail detection and tracking of categorized mail pieces
6697457: Voice messaging system that organizes voice messages based on detected emotion
6697056: Method and system for form recognition
6696495: Treatment of disorders secondary to organic impairments
6696476: Pyranoindazoles and their use for the treatment of glaucoma
6696439: 5-HT1F agonists
6695770: Simulated human interaction systems
6694511: Data processing method and device
6694316: System and method for a subject-based channel distribution of automatic, real-time delivery of personalized informational and transactional data
6693960: Moving picture encoder and moving picture decoder

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