Information & explanations, latest texts & monographs on
Deep_Blue (including recent related patents.)
Deep BlueDeep Blue was IBM's chess playing computer. Deep Blue was the first computer system to win a chess game against a reigning world champion, Gary Kasparov, under regular time controls. This first win occurred on February 10, 1996, and Deep Blue - Kasparov, 1996, Game 1 is a famous chess game. However, Kasparov won 3 games and drew 2 of the following games, beating Deep Blue by a score of 4-2. Deep Blue was then heavily upgraded and played Kasparov again in May 1997, winning the six-game rematch 3.5-2.5, ending on May 11th. Deep Blue thus became the first computer system to defeat a reigning world champion in a match under standard chess tournament time controls. The project was started as "ChipTest" at Carnegie Mellon University by Feng-hsiung Hsu; the computer system produced was named Deep Thought after the fictional computer of the same name from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Hsu joined IBM in 1989 and worked with Murray Campbell on parallel computing problems. Deep Blue was developed out of this. The system derives its playing strength mainly out of brute force computing power. It is a massively parallel, 32-node, RS/6000, SP-based computer system enhanced with 256 special purpose VLSI chess processors. Its chess playing program is written in C and runs under the AIX operating system. It is capable of evaluating 100,000,000 positions per second. Its evaluation function was initially written in a generalized form, with many to-be-determined parameters (e.g.: how important is a safe king position compared to a space advantage in the center, etc.). The optimal values for these parameters were then determined by the system itself, by analyzing thousands of master games. Before the second match, the chess knowledge of the program was fine tuned by grandmaster Joel Benjamin. The opening library was provided by the grandmasters Miguel Illescas, John Fedorovich and Nick De Firmian. After the lost match, Kasparov said that he sometimes saw deep intelligence and creativity in the machine's moves, which he could not understand. He also suggested that humans may have helped the machine during the match. He demanded a rematch, but IBM declined and retired Deep Blue. In part these allegations were correct. The rules provided for the engineers to modify the program between games, an opportunity they took with abandon. The code was modified between games to understand Kasparov's playstyle better, allowing it to avoid a trap in the final game that the AI had fallen for twice before. Feng-hsiung Hsu later claimed in his book Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion that he had had the rights to use the Deep Blue design to build a bigger machine independently of IBM to take Kasparov's rematch offer, but Kasparov refused to agree to a rematch (see also Hsu's open letter about the rematch linked below). See also: Blue Gene, computer chess, X3D Fritz External links
This article is adapted from from Wikipedia All Wikipedia article text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Ship of Gold in the Deep Blue Sea by Gary Kinder Deep Blues by Robert Palmer Deep Blue Good-by by John D. Macdonald Behind Deep Blue : Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion by Feng-Hsiung Hsu The Deep Blue Sea: Rethinking the Source of Leadership by Wilfred Drath Muddy Waters - Deep Blues by Lee Behind Deep Blue : Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion by Feng-Hsiung Hsu Danny & the Deep Blue Sea by John P. Shanley Deep Blues: Bill Traylor 1854-1949 by Josef Helfenstein Kasparov and Deep Blue : The Historic Chess Match Between Man and Machine by Bruce Pandolfini Deep Blue Good-by : A Travis McGee Mystery by John D. Macdonald Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea : Merchant Seamen, Pirates and the Anglo-American Maritime World, 1700-1750 by Marcus Rediker The Devil and the Deep Blue Sea : A Jersey Shore Mystery by Beth Sherman Deep Blue Almost Black: Selected Fiction by Thanassis Valtinos Deep Sleep 101 by Gregg D. Jacobs Recent Deep_Blue related patents From USPTO: 6710287: Laser engraving and coloring method for a golf club head 6710179: Compounds with analgesic effect 6706900: Process for preparing 2,5-diformylfuran from carbohydrates 6706714: 2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoxalin-5(6H)one derivatives 6706537: Sterilization monitors and method of use 6706330: Process for coating a surface 6702564: System for preparing an eyeglass lens using colored mold holders 6701044: Solid state laser generating UV radiation for writing fiber bragg gratings 6699720: Interference-eliminating membranes, test strips, kits and methods for use in uric acid assay 6696788: Double jacketed high intensity discharge lamp 6696576: Thiacrown polymers for removal of mercury from waste streams 6694928: Combustion of fats and oils 6693611: Display devices 6692715: Silica nanofibers and method for preparing them 6692714: High pressure/high temperature production of colorless and fancy-colored diamonds 6692456: Apparatus for microporation of biological membranes using thin film tissue interface devices, and method therefor 6690029: Substituted pentacenes and electronic devices made with substituted pentacenes 6689620: Method, detector, and apparatus for colorimetric detection of chemical and biological agents 6689618: Method and test strip of detecting oxidizing adulterant in urine 6689616: Dye-polysaccharide conjugates and their use as a diagnostic agent 6689612: Indicator of hemolysis 6687003: Method for recording and viewing stereoscopic images in color using multichrome filters 6686488: Constrained geometry addition polymerization catalysts 6685751: Substituted 1,4-diaminobenzene compounds and oxidation dye precursor compositions containing same 6680568: Light source 6678855: Selecting K in a data transmission carousel using (N,K) forward error correction 6676913: Catalyst composition and method of controlling PFC and HFC emissions 6676399: Apparatus for preparing an eyeglass lens having sensors for tracking mold assemblies 6676276: Black light display device 6673928: Indolizine compounds and method for the synthesis thereof 6673326: Catalytic processes for the reduction of perfluorinated compounds and hydrofluorocarbons 6251653: Method of improved mixing of a varicella-infected cell culture in roller bottles 6251621: Reporter enzyme release technology: methods of assaying for the presence of aspartic proteases and other hydrolytic enzyme activities 6251226: Apparatus for manufacturing papers with watermarks or patterns 6251177: Solid phthalocyanine preparations PP11958: Caryopteris plant named `First Choice` 6248893: Non-heterocyclic oxonol infrared radiation sensitive compounds 6248886: Heterocyclic oxonol infrared rediation sensitive compounds 6248523: Mammalian tumor susceptibility genes and their uses 6246505: Photochromic devices 6245545: Method for cloning and producing the SwaI restriction endonuclease 6245291: Method for deodorizing toilets 6242858: Electroluminescent phosphor thin films 6241779: Metal ligand containing bleaching compositions 6235519: Gene involved in thiophene biotransformation from nocardia asteroides KGB1 6233267: Blue/ultraviolet/green vertical cavity surface emitting laser employing lateral edge overgrowth (LEO) technique 6225647: Passivation of porous semiconductors for improved optoelectronic device performance and light-emitting diode based on same 6225466: Photochromic spirofluorenopyran compounds 6225445: Methods and compositions for lipidization of hydrophilic molecules |