refined Black_body Information, explanation, recent texts, monographs, and related patents.
Information & explanations, latest texts & monographs on Black_body (including recent related patents.)


Blackbody

(Redirected from Black body) In physics a blackbody is an object that absorbs all light that falls onto it (and thus reflects none). Despite the name, blackbodies do radiate light, but they just don't reflect any. The spectrum (amount of light emitted at each wavelength) of a blackbody is very characteristic, and depends entirely on its temperature.
  • The light emitted by a blackbody is called blackbody radiation.
A blackbody is an ideal emitter which radiates energy at the maximum possible rate per unit area at each wavelength for any given temperature. A blackbody also absorbs all the radiant energy incident on it: i.e. no energy is reflected or transmitted. An object deviating from an ideal blackbody is sometimes called a grey body. The deviations are determined by the both the geometrical structure and the chemical composition, and follow Kirchhoff's Law: emissivity equals absorptivity, so that an object that does not absorb all incident light will also emit less radiation than an ideal blackbody. The term "black body" was introduced by Gustav Kirchhoff in 1862. The spectrum of a blackbody was first derived by Max Planck, who had to assume that electromagnetic radiation could propagate only in discrete packets, or quanta (an assumption required to avoid the ultraviolet catastrophe, and later confirmed by Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect). The intensity of radiation from a blackbody at temperature T is given by the Planck's Law of Radiation: where I(ν)δν is the amount of energy per unit surface per unit time per unit solid angle emitted in the frequency range between ν and ν+δν; h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light and k is Boltzmann's constant. The wavelength at which the radiation is strongest is given by Wien's law, and the overall power emitted per unit area is given by the Stefan-Boltzmann law. In the laboratory, the closest thing to a blackbody is a small hole to a cavity with a non-smooth, black surface. In astronomy, such objects as stars are frequently regarded as blackbodies, though this may be a bad approximation. An almost perfect blackbody spectrum is exhibited by the cosmic microwave background radiation. External link and references
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Recent Black_body related patents

From USPTO:
6717364: Thallium free--metal halide lamp with magnesium halide filling for improved dimming properties
6717148: Method and apparatus for measuring coating
6716235: Wound treatment apparatus including a heater and an IR-transparent of IR-transmissive bandage
6712771: Temperature sensing catheter
6710355: Optically powered resonant integrated microstructure pressure sensor
6710344: Thermal infrared detector
6709809: Silver salt photothermographic dry imaging material
6709109: Differential spectroscopic imaging of the human retina
6708560: Measurement apparatus for measuring physical quantity such as fluid flow
6707837: Method and device for obtaining a flow of photons between resonances in an electromagnetic resonator in a controlled manner
6706466: Articles having imagable coatings
6706233: Method for processing ceramics using electromagnetic energy
6706157: Vacuum arc plasma gun deposition system
6703791: Image display device
6703631: Infrared projector
6700563: 3D encoder
6697829: Method of and apparatus for generating random numbers
6695886: Optical path improvement, focus length change compensation, and stray light reduction for temperature measurement system of RTP tool
6692836: Composite material
6692249: Hot liner insertion/removal fixture
6689414: Method of protecting glass substrate surfaces
6687003: Method for recording and viewing stereoscopic images in color using multichrome filters
6686042: Optically variable pigments and foils with enhanced color shifting properties
6685852: Phosphor blends for generating white light from near-UV/blue light-emitting devices
6683282: Food merchandiser and temperature control system
6680480: Laser accelerator produced colliding ion beams fusion device
6680462: Heat treating method and heat treating apparatus
6678632: Spectro-polarimetric remote surface-orientation measurement
6677654: Thermopile detector and method for fabricating the same
6677590: Flame sensor
6677571: Rocket launch detection process
6674579: Color correction to target white points by adjustment of two colors
6673514: Imagable articles and compositions, and their use
6670987: Chrominance signal processing circuit, chrominance signal processing method and camera using them
6669996: Method of synthesizing metal doped diamond-like carbon films
6667784: Color filters, sequencers and displays using color selective light modulators
6666924: Reaction chamber with decreased wall deposition
6666207: Solar energy concentrator and converter
6665007: Video camera system
6660209: Selective deposition modeling method and apparatus for forming three-dimensional objects and supports
6657611: White color selection of display information
6657607: Liquid crystal flat panel display with enhanced backlight brightness and specially selected light sources
6657195: Clutter discriminating focal plane arrays
6653784: Type of light
6650357: Color translating UV microscope
6649913: Method and apparatus providing focal plane array active thermal control elements
6648053: Method and apparatus for controlling a spray form process based on sensed surface temperatures
6646265: Optical spectrometer and method for combustion flame temperature determination
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